ࡱ> <>; bjbjNN $,w,w ooooo++++? (KKKKKKKK VoKKKKOiooKKiiiSoKoKiKiiooiOn+;.i0iiiioiKKK$ 5:   Aa: Hawaiian term used to describe a lava flow whose surface is broken into rough angular fragments Alluvium: A general term for clay, silt, sand, gravel or similar unconsolidated material deposited by a stream or other body of running water Aquifer: A water-bearing layer of rock or sediment capable of holding and transmitting fluid (such as water, gas, or oil). Ash: Fine particles of rock material ejected during an explosive volcanic eruption Avalanche: A large mass of material falling or sliding rapidly due to the force of gravity. Basalt: Volcanic rock (or magma) that is generally dark in color,." Bedrock A general term for any consolidated rock. Bentonite A clay material composed principally of the mineral montmorillonite. Block: Angular chunk of solid rock ejected during a volcanic eruption. Condensation: The change of state of water from the vapor to the liquid phase. Crater: A steep-sided, usually circular depression formed by either explosion or collapse at a volcanic vent. Density: A measure of how tightly packed the atoms of a Erosion: The movement of weathered material downslope under the influence of gravity. Fault: A crack or fracture in the earth's surface in which there has been movement of one or both sides relative to the other. Floodplain: The low relief lands bordering a stream or river, Fumarole: A vent or opening through which issue steam, hydrogen sulfide, or other gases. Groundwater: Water stored beneath the surface in open pore spaces and fractures in rock. Isostasy: The vertical readjustment of the surface of the earth due to the addition or removal of weight. Lahar: A torrential flow of water-saturated volcanic debris down the slope of a volcano in response to gravity. Lava: Magma which has reached the surface through a volcanic eruption. Leeward: The side facing away from the wind. Magma: Molten rock beneath the surface of the earth. Mantle: The zone of the earth below the crust and above the core. Obsidian: A black or dark-colored volcanic glass, usually of rhyolitic (felsic) composition. Plug: Solidified lava that fills the conduit of a volcano. Pluton: A large igneous intrusion formed at great depth in thecrust. Pyroclastic: Pertaining to fragmented (clastic) rock material formed by a volcanic explosion or ejection from a volcanic vent. Sediment: Rock debris commonly produced by mechanical or chemical weathering processes. Silica: A chemical combination of silicon and oxygen. Stratovolcano: A volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material. Sublimation: The direct change from the solid to the vapor phase Tuff: Rock formed of pyroclastic material. Vapor: Water in the gaseous state. Windward: The side facing into the wind. cdml m q   % a b i * + 7 z { ! " ) x y   6 ? 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