91传媒

Sentences that come directly from the article are in quotation marks. CSUN students, faculty, and staff can access most articles through the University Library using CSUN credentials. Please use the library鈥檚 interlibrary loan services if an article of interest is not available.

Brock, A. (2011).听.听New Media & Society, 13(7), 1085鈥�1103. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810397031

• Blackbird, a browser built on Firefox aimed at African Americans, was released in 2008. This article examines the racial and technological discourses surrounding Blackbird鈥檚 release on technology and cultural blogs. Findings indicate that racial ideologies play a role in the reception of this culturally themed information and communications technology (ICT) artifact.

Brock, A. (2018).听.听New Media & Society, 20(3), 1012鈥�1030. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816677532

• Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis (CTDA) adopts critical theory鈥攃ritical race, feminism, queer theory, etc.鈥攖o incorporate the epistemological standpoint of underserved information and communication technology (ICT) users so as to avoid deficit-based models of underrepresented populations鈥� technology use. Utilizing CTDA, Brock found that 鈥淏lack discursive identity interpellated Twitter鈥檚 mechanics to produce explicit cultural technocultural digital practices鈥攄efined by one investor as 鈥榯he use case for Twitter.鈥欌��

Cave, S., & Dihal, K. (2020).听.听Philosophy & Technology, 33(4), 685鈥�703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00415-6

• This paper focuses on the fact that artificial intelligence (AI) is predominantly portrayed as White鈥攊n terms of color, ethnicity, or both. The authors 鈥渋llustrate the prevalent Whiteness of real and imagined intelligent machines in four categories: humanoid robots, chatbots and virtual assistants, stock images of AI, and portrayals of AI in film and television.鈥� They offer three interpretations of the Whiteness of AI, drawing on CRT, particularly the idea of the White racial frame.

Chon, M. (2000). Erasing race: Critical race feminist view of internet identity-shifting.听Journal of Gender, Race and Justice, 3(2), 439鈥�474.

• This article asserts that race matters on the Internet. With some legal examples, the author challenges the already conventional and unexamined wisdom that virtual identities are racially unproblematic. 鈥淲hile these are an admittedly non-random sample of Internet interactions, they demonstrate quite clearly that negative impacts of race are very much alive and well in a digital environment. A critical race feminist perspective is skeptical about the claim that the looseness of virtual identities will reduce the effects of material identities (gender or race) either on- or off-line.鈥�

Hamilton, A. M. (2020).听.听Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 6(3), 292鈥�301. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649220922577

• This paper delineates 鈥渁 genealogy of critical race and digital studies by mapping the intellectual terrain of the field.鈥� Hamilton reviews key areas in the field of critical race and digital studies, including colorblind studies of the web, digital divide studies, and Black Twitter. She concludes 鈥渨ith a focus on the ways that this body of literature can be brought forth to critically understand the implications of emerging areas of academic debate on studies of race and technology.鈥�

Hanna, A., Denton, E., Smart, A., & Smith-Loud, J. (2020).听.听Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 501鈥�512. https://doi.org/10.1145/3351095.3372826

• This paper examines the way race and racial categories are adopted in algorithmic fairness frameworks. The authors turn to CRT and sociological work on race and ethnicity 鈥渢o ground conceptualizations of race for fairness research, drawing on lessons from public health, biomedical research, and social survey research.鈥�

Liebermann, Y. (2020).听.听Memory Studies, 1鈥�20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750698020959799

• Liebermann uses a CRT lens together with discourse analysis to examine media artifacts around the Black Lives Matter movement on such social media as Twitter, Tumblr, and YouTube. The author maintains that social media platforms 鈥渃an act as alternative archives to institutionalized archives and related systems of knowledge and power.鈥� Memory practices on social media platforms provide minority groups with affordances that established archives do not.

Maragh, R. S. (2018).听.听Television & New Media, 19(7), 591鈥�609. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476417738569

• This article 鈥渋nvestigates the complex rhetorics of racial authenticity online, intermixing ethnography and critical technocultural discourse analysis (CTDA) to understand African American users鈥� investments in enacting race in their social networks,鈥� especially on Black Twitter. The piece 鈥渦ncovers 鈥榓cting white鈥� as a significant discourse that shapes online identity and group performances.鈥�

McMurria, J. (2016).听.听International Journal of Communication, 10, 5931鈥�5948. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/4654

• Drawing from CRT, McMurria locates 鈥渢he ways in which legal and economic structures of discrimination have historically inhibited people of color from gaining access to employment, ownership, and decision-making power in the media and telecommunications sectors.鈥� He discusses how CRT can inform media policy scholarship to challenge race-neutral thinking and develop conceptual foundations for supporting what advocacy groups representing people of color have called 鈥渘et equality.鈥濃��

Moran, R. E., & Bui, M. N. (2019).听.听Telecommunications Policy, 43(5), 461鈥�473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2018.12.005

• The authors examine 鈥渉ow and why activist groups representing marginalized communities of color are increasingly engaging in communications technology policy issues, particularly in relation to issues of digital access and representation.鈥� The three case studies explored center around the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Free Press, and the Tribal International Carrier. This paper serves as an example of how sociohistorical research into telecommunications policymaking battles can utilize CRT 鈥渢o more acutely analyze the current structures endemic to lobbying and policymaking around communications technologies.鈥�

Ross, M., Hazari, Z., Sonnert, G., & Sadler, P. (2020).听.听ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 20(2), Article 9. https://doi.org/10.1145/3377426

• This quantitative study (N = 3,206) leveraged inferential statistical methods to examine (a) the similarities and differences between the social computer science-related experiences of Black women, Black men, and non-Black women in the U.S.; (b) the relationship between these experiences and computer science career choices; and (c) the activities during which significant social experiences might occur. This study focuses on the intersection of race and gender.

Scheuerman, M. K., Wade, K., Lustig, C., & Brubaker, J. R. (2020).听.听Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 4(CSCW1), Article 58. https://doi.org/10.1145/3392866

• By adopting critical race studies, gender studies, infrastructural studies, and identity scholarship, this paper examines 鈥渉ow race and gender are defined and annotated in image databases used for facial analysis.鈥� The authors critiqued current approaches in image databases for their lack of critical engagement with racial and gender histories.

Walker, P. & Laughter, J. (2019).听.听Computers and Composition, 53, 60鈥�74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2019.05.005

• The authors describe a theoretical framework for discussing social media in relation to composition instruction and critical discourse analysis, entitled shoaling rhizomes. They evaluate specific examples from Twitter, Instagram, and Tumblr through the concept of shoaling rhizomes. They then discuss 鈥渉ow instructors can use social media discourse study in the composition classroom to identify and use social media as a tool for activism, identity formation, and inclusion.鈥�

Waseem, Z., & Hovy, D. (2016).听.听Proceedings of NAACL-HLT, 88鈥�93. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/N16-2013

• The authors provide a list of criteria founded in CRT 鈥渢o annotate a publicly available corpus of more than 16k tweets鈥� to identify racist and sexist slurs. They analyze 鈥渢he impact of various extra-linguistic features in conjunction with character n-grams for hate-speech detection.鈥�