K-12 Education

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Alem谩n, S. M., & Gayt谩n, S. (2017).听.听International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 30(2), 128鈥146. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2016.1242801

  • Drawing on open-ended interviews, focus group discussions, and survey data, the authors argue that some Students of Color resist critical race pedagogy and curriculum. They identify and analyze how this push back 鈥渋s articulated through three triggers: (1) an entrenchment in majoritarian ideologies; (2) a disavowal of racialized oppression; and (3) a disinclination to scrutinize personal experiences marred by race.鈥 These dynamics illustrate what they call 鈥溾榬esisting decolonization鈥 鈥 a reluctance to grapple with pedagogies that destabilize dominant ideologies about race and racism in schools and disrupt mainstream ideas regarding ethnic or racial identity.鈥

Allen, Q., & White-Smith, K. (2018).听.听Urban Education, 53(3), 409鈥435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085917714516

  • This study 鈥渆xamines parental involvement practices, the cultural wealth, and school experiences of poor and working-class mothers of Black boys鈥 by examining qualitative interviews with four Black mothers. Using CRT and cultural wealth frameworks, the authors highlight the mothers鈥 agency 鈥渋n making use of particular forms of cultural wealth in responding to the school鈥檚 failure of their sons.鈥

Cammarota, J. (2017).听.听Latino Studies, 15(4), 522鈥531. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41276-017-0094-7

  • This essay discusses 鈥渉ow a racist ideological undercurrent, supported by the Arizona Department of Education, pushed the state to ban ethnic studies. The ethnic studies ban 鈥渞eveals how the blending of racist ideology focused on white supremacy and common sense constructed around individualism maintains white hegemony over people of color.鈥

Chang, B. (2013).听.听Linguistics and Education, 24(3), 348鈥360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2013.03.005

  • The author 鈥渦tilizes critical and sociocultural approaches to race, language and culture to examine the intersectional experiences of a multiethnic and 鈥榤ixed race鈥 cohort of students in an inner-city, working-class neighborhood between their elementary and high school years.鈥 Data from a Latino and Asian American male student, and an Asian American female student, show how they made sense of their experiences over time with regards to issues of race, pedagogy, literacy, and agency.

Dunac, P. S., & Demir, K. (2017).听.听Educational Review, 69(1), 25鈥50. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2016.1150255

  • The authors 鈥渆xplore specific influences, confines, and conflicts that exist in urban schools, as a starting point to converse about the issues of race in science education and establish a strong theoretical rationale for the continued investigation of a race-based analysis of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy.鈥 They propose a more inclusive model for teacher preparation programs that encourage critical conversations about race.

Freire, J. A., Valdez, V. E., & Delavan, M. G. (2017).听.听Journal of Latinos and Education, 16(4), 276鈥289. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348431.2016.1229617

  • Drawing on CRT and Latina/o Critical Race Theory, the authors examine state policy documents and promotional materials for their discursive portrayal of Latinx. The analysis revealed 鈥渁 pattern of centering the interests of the White, English-dominant majority and those without an ethnic connection to the target language, while marginalizing or silencing Latina/o interests.鈥

Giraldo-Garc铆a, R. J., Galletta, A., & Bagaka鈥檚, J. G. (2019).听听Journal of Latinos & Education, 18(1), 68鈥80. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348431.2018.1426464

  • Framed by CRT, this study explores 鈥渢he intersection of cultural and institutional factors that influence Latino students鈥 completion of high school.鈥 It determines 鈥渢he extent to which factors related to students鈥 background, culture, socioeconomic status, and institutional-support such as participation in mentoring and/or dropout-prevention programs, can predict Latino students鈥 successful completion of high school.鈥

Howard, T. C. (2013).听.听Review of Research in Education, 37(1), 54鈥86. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X12462985

  • The author provides a selective review of the research that has documented African American males and their experiences in PreK鈥12 schools. The search is 鈥渄one in a way that seeks to highlight those works that disrupt the persistence of deficit-based notions.鈥

Huber, L. P., Johnson, R. N., & Kohli, R. (2006). Naming racism: A conceptual look at internalized racism in U.S. schools.听Chicana/o Latina/o Law Review, 26(1), 183鈥206.

  • Internalized racism describes 鈥渢he conscious and unconscious acceptance of a racial hierarchy where whites are consistently ranked above People of Color.鈥 This paper utilizes a CRT framework 鈥渢o acknowledge the racialized experiences within classroom pedagogy, curriculum, and unequal school resources.鈥 The authors examine how these factors can negatively affect racial group-identity and contribute to internalized racism for Students of Color. It also explores ways that schools can function to break this cycle.

Irizarry, J. G. (2012).听.听Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 11(3), 291鈥309. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192712446322

  • This article draws from data collected as part of a 3-year ethnographic study that followed two groups of Latinx students through their final years of high school, the college application process, and for some, the inception of their postsecondary studies. Using Latina/o Critical Race Theory, this article provides insights into the distinct pathways that students took in their pursuit of college, highlighting the support structures that Latinx youth identify as necessary for increasing their participation in higher education.

Irizarry, J., & Donaldson, M. L. (2012).听.听American Educational Research Journal, 49(1), 155鈥194. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831211434764

  • The authors examine factors that influence the recruitment and retention of Latinx teachers. Applying Latina/o Critical Race Theory and cross-case analysis to data collected from three groups of Latinx at distinct points in the teacher pipeline鈥攈igh school students, undergraduate preservice teachers, and inservice teachers鈥攖he authors conclude that the perspectives and experiences of Latinx 鈥渄iffer significantly from the dominant narrative on teacher recruitment and retention, which is largely defined by White teachers鈥 career histories.鈥

Kim, G. M., & Cooc, N. (2020).听.听Teaching and Teacher Education, 94, Article 103104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103104

  • The authors synthesized 37 peer-reviewed research publications on Asian American and Pacific Islander teachers鈥 experiences and contributions to diversity and social justice. Results show that AAPI teachers disrupt Whiteness 鈥渢hrough beliefs, pedagogies, and practices that value multiple perspectives and marginalized voices.鈥

King, L. J. (2019).听.听Urban Education, 54(3), 368鈥396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085918756716

  • Seven preservice teachers were asked to write Black history narratives to ascertain how they interpreted Black history. Their responses were analyzed 鈥渢hrough a Black history framework that combined aspects of diaspora literacy, historical consciousness, and Black critical race theory.鈥 Findings show that preservice teachers held both critical and noncritical Black history knowledge.

Matias, C. E., Viesca, K. M., Garrison-Wade, D. F., Tandon, M., & Galindo, R. (2014).听.听Equity & Excellence in Education, 47(3), 289鈥304. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2014.933692

  • The authors propose utilizing Critical Whiteness Studies to support CRT to aid in deconstructing the dimensions of White imaginations. They describe 鈥渉ow the white imagination operates inside the minds of white teacher candidates, namely through their (a) emotional disinvestment, (b) lack of critical understanding of race, (c) resurgence of white guilt, and (d) recycling of hegemonic whiteness, all of which negatively impact their role in anti-racist teaching in urban schools.鈥

McBean, T. R., & Feinberg, J. R. (2020).听.听Journal of Social Studies Research, 44(1), 61鈥76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssr.2019.08.002

  • This study involves a critical evaluation of U.S. History curriculum of Georgia Virtual School (GAVS) through CRT, and contributes to the nascent literature on social studies online instruction. Analysis of the history course from GAVS shows that 鈥渞ace and racism are not addressed to the degree that Georgia Standards of Excellence require.鈥

McCray, C. R., Wright, J. V., & Beachum, F. D. (2007). Beyond Brown: examining the perplexing plight of African American principals.听Journal of Instructional Psychology, 34(4), 247鈥255.

  • This article examines to what extent does a principal candidate's race determines their placement. CRT was used to illuminate possible bias and provide socio-historical context. Survey findings (N = 126) show that African American principals were seemingly being placed in schools where the majority of the student body was Black. It also appears that 鈥淲hite principals had a greater chance of being chosen to lead majority Black schools than African American principals had to lead majority White schools.鈥

McIntosh, R., & Curry, K. (2020). The role of a Black church鈥搒chool partnership in supporting the educational achievement of African American students.听The School Community Journal, 30(1), 161鈥190.

  • Through the lenses of social learning theory and CRT, this case study examines how a partnership between a Black church and an urban high school supports the achievement of African American students. Findings include the importance of relationships, equity, community, and commitment.

Neal-Jackson, A. (2018).听.听Review of Educational Research, 88(4), 508鈥546. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654318760785

  • Drawing on CRT, 鈥渢his meta-ethnographic literature review synthesizes what is currently known about the advantages and obstacles young Black women encounter within public schooling contexts given their marginalized racial and gender identities.鈥

Paino, M., Boylan, R. L., & Renzulli, L. A. (2017).听.听Sociological Perspectives, 60(4), 747鈥767. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121416674948

  • Guided by CRT, the authors examine the factors that may promote or constrain charter school closure. Specifically, they examine how the racial demographics of a charter school affect its likelihood of closure. Their findings reveal that 鈥渁s the proportion of black students in a charter school increases, so too does its likelihood of closings.鈥 Their work suggests that 鈥渢he promotion of charter schools as avenues of racial equity may be misleading.鈥

Qin, K., & Li, G. (2020).听.听Sexuality and Culture, 24(4), 1046鈥1063. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-020-09751-3

  • Drawing on intersectionality and CRT, this article examines three immigrant boys鈥 negotiation of racialized masculinities and its impact on their language learning in one U.S. English as a Second Language classroom. Through analyzing data from an ethnographic case study, the authors 鈥渋llustrate that their masculinity was connected to negotiation of hyphenated selves in transnational and transcultural spaces where gender identities were intersectionally shaped by racism, linguicism, and heteronormativity.鈥

Radd, S. I., & Grosland, T. J. (2019).听.听Urban Education, 54(5), 656鈥676. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085918783824

  • Desirablizing Whiteness occurs 鈥渨hen equity efforts aim to include racially minoritized students in actions, situations, formats, and settings where they have been absent or underrepresented, and which have been the 鈥榩roperty鈥 of Whites.鈥 Tenets from CRT 鈥渉ighlight the fundamentally racist effect of this discursive practice.鈥 Because Whiteness鈥 property value 鈥渋s both tangible and psychic, the presence and role of emotions are key to understanding how Desirablizing Whiteness has a dialectical relationship with human interactions and decision making, ultimately undermining social justice efforts.鈥

Sampson, C. R. (2017).听.听The Urban Review, 49(1), 72鈥95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-016-0382-9

  • This study explores how The League of Women Voters of Las Vegas Valley, a mostly White, middle-upper-class women鈥檚 organization, worked to pursue school desegregation. Using interview and archival data, this historical case study examines 鈥渉ow the organization鈥檚 racial and economic privileges, and in some cases oppression, coupled with gendered systems of patriarchy and misogyny, influenced the process and outcomes of school desegregation reform in Las Vegas between 1966 and 1972.鈥 The findings suggest that 鈥渢he intersectional identities of organizations can both empower and hinder community engagement in education reform."

Strekalova-Hughes, E., & Wang, X. C. (2019).听.听Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 33(1), 6鈥21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2018.1531452

  • Foregrounding 鈥渢he lived experiences and voices of children from refugee backgrounds, the authors adapted culturally sustaining pedagogy and refugee critical race theory frameworks to investigate how Nepali, Somali, and South Sudanese children from refugee backgrounds whose families resettled in western New York perceive family storytelling.鈥

Tafari, D. N. H. (2018).听.听The Urban Review, 50(5), 795鈥817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11256-018-0471-z

  • From a CRT lens, the author shares data from a yearlong study on Black male elementary school teachers from the Hip-Hop generation. They present the data as a composite counterstory that 鈥渉ighlights how Black males are alienated, adultified, and criminalized in American public schools.鈥 The concept of otherfathering is also defined as it relates to how Black male teachers mentor and support their students.

Wiseman, A. M., Vehabovic, N., & Jones, J. S. (2019).听.听Early Childhood Education Journal, 47(4), 465鈥474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-019-00933-9

  • This article analyzes children鈥檚 literature published from 1997 to 2017 that highlights the intersection of bullying and racism. Using critical content analysis, the authors analyze relevant picturebooks to address how racism can influence bullying behavior.

Zirkel, S., & Pollack, T. M. (2016)..听American Educational Research Journal, 53(6), 1522鈥1555. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216676568

  • The authors discuss 鈥渢he controversy and public debate generated from a school district鈥檚 efforts to address racial inequities in educational outcomes by diverting special funds from the highest performing students seeking elite college admissions to the lowest performing students who were struggling to graduate from high school.鈥 They argue that 鈥渘arratives identifying some students as worthy and others unworthy are highly influential in the outcomes of many educational policy and funding debates.鈥